![]() ![]() RECs are issued when one megawatt-hour (MWh) of electricity is generated and delivered to the electricity grid from a renewable energy resource. What Is the Difference Between RECs and Offsets?Ī renewable energy certificate, or REC (pronounced: rěk, like wreck), is a market-based instrument that represents the property rights to the environmental, social, and other non-power attributes of renewable electricity generation.Renewable Electricity: How Do You Know You Are Using It? (pdf) This fact sheet provides an overview of RECs, overview of REC tracking systems, review of how to ensure that the RECs are not double-counted, overview of the roles of electricity regulators, overview of renewable generators and purchasers, and a brief discussion of the international use of RECs.Įxplore the sections below to learn more about renewable energy certificates (RECs). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2015.Voluntary Renewable Energy Markets (pdf) (692.68 KB) > from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn > a = np. Return a new array with fields in drop_names dropped. drop_fields ( base, drop_names, usemask = True, asrecarray = False ) # If True, fields in the dst for which there was no matchingįield in the src are filled with the value 0 (zero). The source and destination arrays during assignment. This function instead copies “by field name”, such that fields in the dstĪre assigned from the identically named field in the src. Normally in numpy >= 1.14, assignment of one structured array to anotherĬopies fields “by position”, meaning that the first field from the src isĬopied to the first field of the dst, and so on, regardless of field name. assign_fields_by_name ( dst, src, zero_unassigned = True ) #Īssigns values from one structured array to another by field name. > from numpy.lib import recfunctions as rfn > b = np. Structured array for which to apply func. Support an axis argument, like np.mean, np.sum, etc. Parameters : func functionįunction to apply on the “field” dimension. The fields are all first cast to aĬommon type following the type-promotion rules from numpy.result_typeĪpplied to the field’s dtypes. This is similar to apply_along_axis, but treats the fields of a apply_along_fields ( func, arr ) #Īpply function ‘func’ as a reduction across fields of a structured array. Whether to return a recarray (MaskedRecords) or not. fieldname is a string (or tuple if titles are used, seeįield Titles below), datatype may be any objectĬonvertible to a datatype, and shape is a tuple of integers specifying ![]() These are further documented in theĮach tuple has the form (fieldname, datatype, shape) where shape is There are 4 alternative forms of specification which vary in flexibility andĬonciseness. ![]() Structured datatypes may be created using the function numpy.dtype. These offsets are usually determinedĪutomatically by numpy, but can also be specified. The offsets of the fields areĪrbitrary, and fields may even overlap. Structured datatypes, and it may also be a subarray data type whichīehaves like an ndarray of a specified shape. The datatype of a field may be any numpy datatype including other Each field has a name, a datatype, and a byte offset within the Length (the structure’s itemsize) which is interpreted as a collection Structured Datatypes #Ī structured datatype can be thought of as a sequence of bytes of a certain Structured arrays in numpy can lead to poor cache behavior in comparison. For instance, the C-struct-like memory layout of These provide a high-level interface for tabular data analysis and are better Other pydata projects more suitable, such as xarray, pandas, or DataArray. Users looking to manipulate tabular data, such as stored in csv files, may find Such as subarrays, nested datatypes, and unions, and allow control over the For these purposes they support specialized features ![]() They are meant for interfacing withĬ code and for low-level manipulation of structured buffers, for example for Language, and share a similar memory layout. Structured datatypes are designed to be able to mimic ‘structs’ in the C x array(, dtype=int32) > x = 5 > x array(, dtype=) ![]()
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